FIRE MITIGATION

Fire safety and mitigation are essential to protecting lives, property, and maintaining healthy forest ecosystems. Defensible space is a key component, creating a buffer around structures to slow fire spread. This involves tree thinning to improve canopy spacing, pruning to eliminate vertical fuel ladders, and removing excess vegetation to break up ground-level fuels. These measures reduce the risk of direct flame contact and radiant heat while providing firefighters with safer areas to defend properties.

California law establishes defensible space and fire access requirements to reduce wildfire risk. Public Resources Code (PRC) Sections 4290 and 4291 set the standards for properties in the State Responsibility Area (SRA):

PRC 4291 – Defensible Space Requirements

PRC 4291 mandates 100 feet of defensible space around structures to reduce wildfire risk and protect emergency personnel.

0-30 Feet: Immediate Zone (Lean, Clean & Green)

• Remove dead vegetation, leaves, and branches from roofs, gutters, and decks.
• Keep tree branches at least 10 feet from chimneys.
• Maintain fire-resistant landscaping and keep combustible materials 30 feet away from structures.

30-100 Feet: Intermediate Zone (Fuel Reduction)

• Space trees and shrubs to reduce fire spread.
• Maintain at least 10 feet between tree canopies.
• Trim tree branches 6 feet above ground to prevent fire from climbing.
• Mow grass to 4 inches or less and remove dead plant material.

Additional Requirements

• Keep driveways and roads clear of encroaching vegetation for emergency access.
• Ensure clearly visible address signs and fire department-approved road clearance.

PRC 4290 – Fire Access & Roadway Standards

PRC 4290 establishes roadway standards to ensure emergency vehicles can access properties safely during a wildfire. These requirements are further detailed in CCR Title 14, Section 1273.01 and refer to California Vehicle Code (CVC) Section 35250 for vehicle clearance standards.

• Two-way roads: Minimum 20 feet wide (two 10-foot lanes), excluding shoulders.
• One-way roads: Minimum 12 feet wide, must connect at both ends to two-way roads.
• Vertical clearance: 14 feet for emergency vehicle access (per CVC 35250).
• Turnouts: Every 400–800 feet on one-way roads (12 feet wide, 30 feet long).
• Turnarounds: Required at dead-end roads (must accommodate a 30-foot turning radius)
• Driveways: Minimum 10 feet wide, with 14 feet of unobstructed horizontal clearance and 13 feet, 6 inches of vertical clearance. 
• Gates: Minimum 14 feet wide, set back 30 feet from the roadway, with non-combustible address signage.

Noyo Forestry provides comprehensive defensible space and fire access solutions, ensuring compliance with PRC 4290 and 4291. By combining expert personnel with advanced equipment, we help property owners meet California fire safety regulations while maintaining environmental integrity and long-term land management goals.

Right-of-way maintenance involves managing designated strips of land that provide access to utility infrastructure, transportation corridors, and forestry operations. Maintaining these areas ensures safe and reliable access while preventing vegetation from interfering with roads, utilities, or other infrastructure.

Key right-of-way maintenance activities include:

• Tree and brush removal to maintain clearance

• Trimming to prevent encroachment on roads and infrastructure

• Mastication to control vegetation growth

• Clearing storm blowdowns to restore access and prevent obstructions

In addition to vegetation management, road maintenance is essential for supporting forestry operations. This includes:

• Installing, repairing, or removing culverts and water crossings

• Grading and resurfacing roads to maintain drivability

• Armoring drainage inlets and outlets to control erosion

• Establishing critical dips, rolling dips, rock fords, and water bars to improve drainage and road longevity

• Applying straw or slash to disturbed soil areas for erosion control and sediment reduction

Proper right-of-way and road maintenance reduces fire hazards, prevents storm-related obstructions, and ensures safe and functional access for forestry, emergency services, and land management activities while adhering to California Forest Practice Rules (FPR) and Best Management Practices (BMPs). 

Biomass in forestry refers to organic material such as logs, branches, leaves, and non-merchantable woody debris. It accumulates naturally or as a byproduct of forest management activities, including timber harvesting, thinning, and restoration projects.

There are two primary approaches to managing biomass:

• Biomass removal involves processing material on-site and transporting it off-site for various uses, such as landscaping, erosion control, or bioenergy production.

• Biomass reduction retains the processed material within the forest ecosystem, contributing to soil health and nutrient cycling while minimizing environmental impact.

Both methods play a critical role in reducing fuel loads and lowering wildfire risk. Biomass reduction, in particular, has become an increasingly preferred solution for post-harvest operations, eliminating the need for burning slash piles while leaving the area visually appealing and ecologically beneficial.

Storm cleanup involves removing and mitigating the effects of tree and vegetation damage caused by severe storms and natural disasters. High winds, heavy rain, and other extreme weather events can lead to tree blowdowns, uprooted trees, broken branches, and obstructed roads or trails in forested areas.

The process includes:

• Assessing storm damage to identify hazards and prioritize cleanup efforts.

• Removing fallen or damaged trees to restore access and reduce safety risks.

• Clearing blocked roads, trails, and infrastructure to ensure safe passage.

• Disposing of debris through chipping, hauling, or mulching, depending on site conditions and environmental considerations.

Storm cleanup often requires specialized equipment, including chainsaws, chippers, excavators, and grapple-equipped machinery, to safely and efficiently manage fallen trees and limbs. Timely cleanup efforts not only restore access but also help mitigate future hazards by stabilizing impacted areas and reducing fuel loads that could contribute to wildfire risk.

California state law requires that anyone cutting and removing commercial species for the purpose of selling logs or developing a building site on timberlands must be a Licensed Timber Operator (LTO). Additionally, landowners must obtain a Timber Harvest Plan (THP) from the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) before any cutting or removal can take place.

A THP is an environmental review document submitted by landowners to CAL FIRE, detailing:

• The specific timber to be harvested.

• The harvesting methods to be used.

• The measures that will be taken to minimize environmental impact.

THPs are prepared by Registered Professional Foresters (RPFs) and are subject to regulatory review to ensure compliance with California Forest Practice Rules.

Certain timber harvest activities may qualify for an exemption, allowing landowners to conduct limited harvesting under specific conditions. Common THP exemptions include:

• Structure Protection (0-150 feet) – Defensible space clearance within 150 feet of a permitted structure.

• Structure Protection (150-300 feet) – Additional fuel reduction measures within 150 to 300 feet of a structure.

• Three Acre Conversion – Timberland conversion for non-timber uses, such as building sites, on areas up to three acres.

• Forest Fire Prevention – Fuel reduction projects designed to improve wildfire resilience.

Compliance with these regulations ensures responsible timber harvesting while protecting California’s forest resources.

Starlink is becoming increasingly popular due to its fast speeds, ease of installation, and reasonably priced plans. However, for those living in areas with tall trees and dense canopies, achieving the necessary clearance for an unobstructed signal can be a challenge.

To ensure optimal Starlink performance, we offer:

• Tree removal, topping, and limbing to create a clear line of sight.

• Custom Starlink mounting in trees, constructing secure and durable mounts above the canopy when ground-level installations aren’t ideal.

• Annual drone inspections for tree-mounted installations, ensuring continued clearance and identifying any new growth that could obstruct the dish.

These services provide a reliable, long-term solution for maintaining strong Starlink connectivity in forested areas.